![]() Sociologists Talcott Parsons, Kingsley Davis, and Wilbert Moore referred to this as social placement. Those who score highest on classroom and standardized tests enter accelerated programs and college‐preparation courses. Schools identify the most capable students early. Society's needs demand that the most capable people get channeled into the most important occupations. The need to instill patriotic values is so great that mythology often takes over, and teachers repeat stories of George Washington's honesty or Abraham Lincoln's virtue even though the stories themselves (such as Washington confessing to chopping down the cherry tree) may be untrue.Īnother benefit that functionalists see in education is sorting-separating students on the basis of merit. Students must learn the Pledge of Allegiance and the stories of the nation's heroes and exploits. Likewise, schools overtly teach patriotism, a preserver of political structure. ![]() Some kind of prize or reward usually motivates them to play, so students learn early to associate winning with possessing. Going to school in a capitalist nation, American students also quickly learn the importance of competition, through both competitive learning games in the classroom, and through activities and athletics outside the classroom. Conversely, Japanese students, in a culture that values community in place of individuality, learn to be ashamed if someone singles them out, and learn social esteem-how to bring honor to the group, rather than to themselves. The carefully constructed curriculum helps students develop their identities and self‐esteem. Even collaborative activities focus on the leader, and team sports single out the one most valuable player of the year. American students learn early, unlike their Japanese or Chinese counterparts, that society seeks out and reveres the best individual, whether that person achieves the best score on a test or the most points on the basketball court. The most important value permeating the American classroom is individualism-the ideology that advocates the liberty rights, or independent action, of the individual. Therefore, children in America receive rewards for following schedules, following directions, meeting deadlines, and obeying authority. The core values in American education reflect those characteristics that support the political and economic systems that originally fueled education. This “moral education,” as he called it, helped form a more‐cohesive social structure by bringing together people from diverse backgrounds, which echoes the historical concern of “Americanizing” immigrants.įunctionalists point to other latent roles of education such as transmission of core values and social control. Durkheim (the founder of functionalist theory) identified the latent role of education as one of socializing people into society's mainstream. Functionalists first see education in its manifest role: conveying basic knowledge and skills to the next generation. The functionalist theory focuses on the ways that universal education serves the needs of society. Three main theories represent their views: the functionalist theory, the conflict theory, and the symbolic interactionist theory. Today, sociologists and educators debate the function of education. Historically, American education served both political and economic needs, which dictated the function of education. Managed Care as a Means of Cost Control.Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.Marriage, Family, Alternative Lifestyles.Universal Education: Growth and Function.Social Stratification and Homosexuality.Prevalence of Homosexuality, Bisexuality.Social and Personality Growth: Age 12–19.Social and Personality Growth: Age 7–11.Piaget's Model of Cognitive Development.Culture's Roots: Biological or Societal?. ![]() ![]()
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